ANN ARBOR – Researchers from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center have identified a gene that is overexpressed in 90 percent of pancreatic cancers, the most deadly type of cancer. Researchers believe this gene has potential as a target for developing future therapies.

Expression of the gene, Ataxia Telangiectasia Group D Complementing

gene, called ATDC, is on average 20 times higher in pancreatic cancer cells

than in cells from a normal pancreas. What’s more, the gene appears to make

pancreatic cancer cells resistant to current therapies.

“One of the challenges in pancreatic cancer is that it is biologically

aggressive and it does not respond well to chemotherapy or radiation. We

found that ATDC not only causes the cancer cells to grow faster and be more

aggressive, but it also makes the cancer cells particularly resistant to

chemotherapy and radiation. By targeting this gene, we may be able to make

cancer cells more sensitive to the therapies we already have in hand,” says

senior study author Diane Simeone, M.D., director of the Multidisciplinary

Pancreatic Cancer Clinic at the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Results of the study appear in the March issue of Cancer Cell.

The researchers injected into mice tumor cells expressing ATDC and

compared that to a separate group of mice injected with tumor cells in

which ATDC was suppressed. In the ATDC-expressing group, tumors grew in all

the samples and were significantly larger and starting to metastasize, or

spread. In the group in which ATDC was not expressed, only minimal signs of

tumor growth were seen after 60 days.

“This particular gene promotes the biologic aggressiveness of the

cancer,” says Simeone, who is also Lazar J. Greenfield Professor of Surgery

and Molecular & Integrative Physiology at the U-M Medical School.

In addition, the researchers found that ATDC is most highly expressed

at the point when pre-cancerous cells become malignant. ATDC was also

linked to increased levels of a signaling protein called beta-catenin,

which is known to play a key role in cancer development.

Researchers believe ATDC has potential as a target for developing

future therapies. It could also help doctors determine when a patient has

pancreatic cancer and when it’s chronic pancreatitis, a diagnosis that’s

often difficult to make without surgery. In some cases, this may allow

patients to avoid an operation.

ATDC also appears to be involved in other cancer types, including

bladder cancer and lung cancer. Researchers are continuing to investigate

its role. This research was done in the laboratory. No tests or therapies

related to ATDC are available at this time.

Pancreatic cancer statistics: 37,680 Americans will be diagnosed with

pancreatic cancer this year and 34,290 will die from the disease, according

to the American Cancer Society.

Additional authors: Lidong Wang, David G. Heidt, Cheong J. Lee, Huibin

Yang, Eric R. Fearon and Mats Ljungman from U-M; Craig D. Logsdon from M.D.

Anderson Cancer Center; and Lizhi Zhang from the Mayo Clinic.

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